Improvement in plows



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLOWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 91, 129, dated June 8, 1869.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB HEGKENDORN, of Reading, in the county of Berks and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Plows; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the constructionand operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure lis a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a front view. Fig. 3 is a bottom view; Figs. 4, 6, and 7 views in detail of double shares, points, and landt-side. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the double shares, as indicated by the line a' :v of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of land-side, as indicated by line y y of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a top view of balancing device. Fig. 10 is a vertical section of balancing device, as indicated by lines z z of Figs. 1 and 9. Fig. 11 is a vertical section of same device, as indicated by line u u of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a detailed bottom view, showing the arrangement of share resting on iange of land-side. Fig. 13 is detailed view of tongued washer.

Like letters in the different figures of the drawings indicate like parts.

My invention consists, rst, of an oblique land-side, provided with a colter, and made with a round edge, in combination With colters on the points, and a mold-board and standard shaped to correspond with the obliquity of the land-side; second, of a standard curved so as to form a continuation of the curve of the mold-board, the head of the standard being inclined sidewise over the moldboard; third, of a double point, having two noses and four colters, two colters to each point, the noses being curved instead of square, and being chilled in a curved line instead of a straight line, and the points secured in place by a lug on the lower part of the mold-board, and so shaped as to conform to the Obliquity of the landside; fourth, of double shares without points, provided with recess on face side between the shares, arranged andfastened under the mold-board; fth, in balancing and regulating the equilibrium of the plow without draft-rods or steadying-wheels, or changing the beam, standard, or clevis, by means of a standard bolt or stem, or equivalent device,

adjustable laterally; sixth, of an adjustable cutter having a curved shank; seventh, of a knee-shaped clevis, in combination with an elongated standard.

A represents the oblique land-side, the lower edge, e, being made round instead of square, as shown in Fig. 8, and the upper front part made so as to form the colter a, and beveled shoulder b, which fits in a recess in and holds the land-side to the mold-board, as seen in Figs. l, 2, and 7.

The land-side is made so as to incline obliquely about twenty (20) degrees outwardly or toward the land, and is provided with a ange, c, extending beyond the point, to form a support for the front end of the share, as seen in Fig. 12, and represented by red lines in Fig. 3.

B represents the standard, curved so as to form a continuation of the curve of the moldboard H, in order that it, as well as the moldboard, may scour and readily shed the dirt which may slide up against it, and thus prevent the accumulation of the dirt on it.

This standard is made four or five (4 or 5) inches longer than the ordinary standards, for the purpose of raising the beam K higher, to give greater space under the beam, which renders the plow less liable to choke; and the head of the standard is made to incline iuwardly over the mold-board, so that the center of the head will be from four to five (4 to 5) inches inward from aline drawn from the top edge of the land-side perpendicular to the base or sole of the plow, as seen in Fig. 2.

C represents a double point, with curved noses j' f and four colters, d d d d. The noses are made curved instead of square, to correspond with the round edge e of the land-side, and the colters are made with shoulders g, to t snugly against the lower end of colter a, and so as to form the continuous colter a d, as seen in Fig. 1. This double point is made with the elongated curved opening h in the middle, which opening receives lug i, made on the under part of the mold-board with a hook, which holds securely the points in place. (See Fig. 3.) These points are chilled, not in a straight line as heretofore, but in a curved line, (represented by the blue shading in Fig. 6,) which renders the points lessliable to break,

the chilling heilig thus accomplished by placing in the mold in which the points are cast pieces ot' metal, curved instead of straight, corresponding with the curve ot' the ends of the points.

1) represents a double share, made without points, having on the tace side. between the shares, a recessorsunken space, 1.', with shoulders to tit a corresponding swell and shoulders made on the under side ot' the mold-board. The cutting-edges ot' the shares are turned down to incline the plow to the earth, and are provided with one hole to receive the bolt by which they are fastened, instead of by two bolts, as heretofore. (See Fig. 5.) The i'orward eml ofthe share in use rests upon tlange c of the land-side, as seen in Figs. 3 and l2.

E represents an adjustable stamlard-lmlt or stein, the lower end ot which is provided with a dovetail-shape head on two sides, the other sides being tiat, and the upper end with screw and nut.

In the top of the head ot' standard I3 isa transverse dovetail groove, m, to receive and hold the dovetail head ot' the bolt ll. (See Figs. l() and 1l.)

0n the top ot" the benin is t'astened a plate, N, provided with a transverse. slot. (See Figs. 9 and 1o.)

0 is a washer between the nut on the end of the bolt and plate u.

Groove m and the upperpart ot' plate n and the dovetail end of the bolt ll and the lower side of washer t) are provided with corrugations or teeth. as shown in Figs. t), l0, and 13, to hold the bolt from slipping from its place. This device is for balancing the plow and regulating its equilibrium when in lnotion without the use of a center-draft rod or steadying-wheels, and without changing the beam, standard, or cle\ is'.

I contemplate that the groove m may be dispensed with, and that instead thereof a hole in the standard may be used, and the plow balanced and its equilibrium regulated by moving the top ofthe bolt laterally, as required; and also that, instead of the device with a bolt, as described, a clasp may be used, the lower side of which may pass through the groove m, and the upper side on the top of the beam, provided with a set-screw, arranged to be shifted laterally, so as to produce the same effect as the lateral moving ofthe bolt.

F represents an adjustable cutter, the shank of which is curved, so as to give the cutter an oblique position corresponding with the obliquity ofthe land-side, the curve of the cuttershank being considerably greater than the lateral curve of the colters d a and standard B, so as to throw it out beyond the plow-line, as seen in Fig. 2, in which position it gathers and displaces the rubbish with less liability )t' choking the plow, that part of the weeds, grass, or other rubbish which is not at once turned under with the earth, but hangs to the cutter-shank, being thus held beyond the throat of the plow till deposited on the land.

(lr represents a knee-shaped clevis, the horizontal arm of which is provided with proper holes, through which it is bolted or screwed to the under side of the beam, and the vertical side is provided with holes for receiving and holding the bitching device, and is made any required length, corresponding with the increased length of the standard B, to counteract the eti'ect of the increased height of beam, so as to preserve the proper line of draft.

Operation.

The round edge c of the land side and curved nose f of the points, as described, leave a corner of the earth, which serves as a chock to prevent the furrow-slice from slipping, and as a hinge upon which the furrow-slice is turned. The upper part of the colter a being made on the land-side, instead of on the moldboard, allows it to be replaced with a new landside when worn out, instead of requiring a new mold-board or entire plow., and is thus a great saving of expense.

The points C, as constructed, have no useless metal, and when the lower side of the point in use becomes stabbed and dull, it may be turned upside down, and is thus rendered self-sharpening, and at the same time another colter, d, is brought into use, and when one point and colter is worn out it is removed and reversed, and the other point used in the same wav.

The reason for constructing the lower part of the colterd on the point and separate from the mold-board or land-side is, that that part of the colter wears much faster than the upper part, and being constructed, as described, on the points, may be renewed with very little expense or trouble by changing the points, as described. lf, by any means, this double point should be broken at or near the middle, each end could be used separately, and the ends being chilled in a curved instead of a straightJ line, they are less liable to break near the nose, the softer and tougher metal extending toward the nose in the shape of a tongue, as shown by the blue shading in Fig. 6, and this also causes the points to Wear in a better shape, becoming thinner near the point as they wear shorter.

Many plows fail to perform well simply because they are not properly balanced. Heretofore the remedy for this has been sought by the arrangement of center-draft rods or steadying-wheels, or by changing the line of draft by moving the beam, standard, or clevis, none of which devices, nor all of them together, aorded, completely, the required remedy.

The beam should always be nearly, it not quite, parallel with the land-side, and when once fixed in its proper position should not be changed.

The unavoidable springing of the castings in molding them frequently causes a variation in the plows made from the same pat-tern, particularly in the position of the beam, and consequently in the true balance of the plow. I

have made the important discovery that when the plow is in mot-ion it is virtually suspended by the drait to a pivot in the line of draft, and that that pivot or center of gravity is located in the standard bolt or stem which fastens the standard to the beam, and may be shifted by moving laterally that bolt or stem. This I have demonstrated, in the presence of many witnesses, by repeated experiments in the teld, which show that when the plow is truly balanced it will run with very little aid to keep it balanced. In some instances my plow, constructed as described, has run over a mile Without being touched; but by moving the bolt slightly it required to be held constantly, and considerable movement of the bolt aected the plow, so that it required increased force to hold it steady. When the plow, while running, is inclined to the one side or the other, the bolt is moved gradually to the same side until the true balance is found.

Different kinds of soil and different conditions of the same soil, by being more or less wet, producing more or less side-pressure, will require the plow to be balanced differently; but in every case the true balance will be readily found by changing the bolt laterally, as described.

Claims.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The oblique land-side A, provided with colter a, shoulder b, and round edge e, in combination with colters d and mold-board, H, substantially as described.

2. Standard B, curved so as to form a continuation of the curve of the mold-board, the head being inclined over the mold-board, substantially as described.

3. The double point C, with colters d d d d, the noses f j' being made and chilled in a curved line, as arranged, and held in position by lug fi, in combination with the oblique round-edged land-side, substantially as described.

4. The bolt or stem E, so arranged as to be adjustable laterally without changing the position of beam in relation to the standard, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The standard bolt or stein E, with dovetail head, tongued washer O, and screw-nut, corrugated plate u, with transverse slot and transverse corrugated groove m, constructed and operating substantially as described.

6. The adjustable cutter F, having a curved shank, constructed substantially in the manner as described.

JACOB BEGKENDORN.

Witnesses W. BURRIs, A. B. DUVALL. 

